If you are a woman, you may need a karyotype test if you've had trouble getting pregnant or have had several miscarriages. While one miscarriage is not uncommon, if you have had several, it may be due to a chromosomal problem. You may also need a karyotype test if you have symptoms of or have been diagnosed with leukemia , lymphoma , or myeloma , or a certain type of anemia.
These disorders can cause chromosomal changes. For a karyotype test, your provider will need to take a sample of your cells. The most common ways to get a sample include:. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy. If you are being tested for or treated for a certain type of cancer or blood disorder, your provider may need to take a sample of your bone marrow.
For this test:. There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly. Amniocentesis and CVS tests are usually very safe procedures, but they do have a slight risk of causing a miscarriage.
Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of these tests. After a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy test, you may feel stiff or sore at the injection site. This usually goes away in a few days. Your health care provider may recommend or prescribe a pain reliever to help. If your results were abnormal not normal, it means you or your child has more or fewer than 46 chromosomes, or there is something abnormal about the size, shape, or structure of one or more of your chromosomes.
Abnormal chromosomes can cause a variety of health problems. The symptoms and severity depend on which chromosomes have been affected. If you were tested because you have a certain type of cancer or blood disorder, your results can show whether or not your condition is caused by a chromosomal defect. These results can help your health care provider make the best treatment plan for you.
Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results. If you are thinking about getting tested or have received abnormal results on your karyotype test, it may help to speak to a genetic counselor.
A genetic counselor is a specially trained professional in genetics and genetic testing. Editorial team. How the Test is Performed. The test can be performed on almost any tissue, including: Amniotic fluid Blood Bone marrow Tissue from the organ that develops during pregnancy to feed a growing baby placenta To test amniotic fluid, an amniocentesis is done. How to Prepare for the Test. Follow the health care provider's instructions on how to prepare for the test.
How the Test will Feel. Why the Test is Performed. The amniotic fluid test is done to check a developing baby for chromosome problems. Your provider may order other tests that go together with a karyotype: Microarray: Looks at small changes in the chromosomes Fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH : Looks for small mistakes such as deletions in the chromosomes.
Words nearby karyotype karyoplast , karyopyknosis , karyorrhexis , karyosome , karyotin , karyotype , karyotyping , Karzai , kas , Kasai , Kasai operation. How to use karyotype in a sentence The results, one simple line in karyotype notation, were clear. The characterization of the chromosomal complement of an individual or a species, including number, form, and size of the chromosomes.
A photomicrograph of chromosomes arranged according to a standard classification. A karyotype is an individual's collection of chromosomes. The term also refers to a laboratory technique that produces an image of an individual's chromosomes. The karyotype is used to look for abnormal numbers or structures of chromosomes.
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